Virtual IPM Measures

Comprehensive Anxiety Scale:

This 35-item scale evaluates behaviors over the last two weeks and has domain representation and coverage of distinct DSM-5 defined types of anxiety – including generalized anxiety/worry, social anxiety, separation anxiety, panic, obsessive/compulsive symptoms, and specific phobias/fears.

Mood and Irritability Scale:

This 20-item scale evaluates mood in 3 sections – 1 is mood over the past two weeks, 2 is mood related behavior over the past month, 3 is irritability over the past two weeks and has domain representation and coverage of key mood symptom domains, including irritability, hypomania, depressed affect, and somatic symptoms.

Sleep Problems Questionnaire:

SPQ development was informed by a systematic search of the literature on sleep problems, a review of existing instruments, consultation with clinical experts, and input from parents and families with a child with ASD and other NDD and NPD. This 15-item questionnaire evaluates sleep problems over the past month and has domain representation and coverage of key sleep problem domains, including bedtime resistance, restless sleep/sleep quality, difficulty waking up, and decreased sleep length.

ADHD-Assessment:

This 18-item assessment evaluates behaviors over the last week and has domain representation and coverage of distinct aspects of the ADHD phenotype – including inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Scale development was informed by a systematic search of the literature on ADHD; a review of existing instruments; and consultation with clinical experts, parents and families. 

ASDQ: 

ASDQ development was informed by DSM-5 symptom criteria and recent factor analyses of autism symptom measures. This 39-item questionnaire evaluates behaviors without a given rating frame and has domain representation and coverage of Social Communication and Interaction and restricted and repetitive pattern of behaviors and interests constructs. This measure was intended to assist in ASD identification – to replace use of the M-CHAT-R in children 2 years and older

1. Frazier, T. W., Dimitropoulos, A., Abbeduto, L., Armstrong-Brine, M., Kralovic, S., Shih, A., Hardan, A. Y., Youngstrom, E. A., Uljarevic, M., & Quadrant Biosciences – As You Are, T. (2023). The Autism Symptom Dimensions Questionnaire: Development and psychometric evaluation of a new, open-source measure of autism symptomatology. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. https://doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.15497 

Challenging Behavior Scale:

This 18-item scale evaluates behavioral problems over the past month Domain representation and coverage of key challenging behavior domains including property destruction, aggression, elopement, conduct, and self-injury.

1. Frazier, T. W., Khaliq, I., Scullin, K., Uljarevic, M., Shih, A., & Karpur, A. (2022). Development and psychometric evaluation of the open-source challenging behavior scale. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disabilities. doi: 10.1007/s10803-022-05750-5
2. Frazier, T. W., Crowley, E., Shih, A., Vasudevan, V., Karpur, A., Uljarevic, M., & Cai, R. Y. (2022). Associations between executive functioning, challenging behavior, and quality of life in children and adolescents with and without neurodevelopmental conditions. Frontiers in Psychology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1022700 

Daily Living Skills:

This 53-item questionnaire evaluates current ability to perform each task/behavior with domain representation and coverage of key daily living domains including personal hygiene & grooming, dressing & undressing, meal prep & feeding, toileting, housekeeping, health & medication, leisure time, safe environment, transportation & mobility DLS development was informed by systematic search of the literature on adaptive functioning and daily living skills, review of existing instruments and consultation with clinical experts, parents, and families. 

1. Uljarevic ́ M, Spackman EK, Cai RY, Paszek KJ, Hardan AY and Frazier TW (2023) Daily living skills scale: Development and preliminary validation of a new, open-source assessment of daily living skills. Frontiers of Psychiatry 13:1108471. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1108471 

Executive Functioning Scale:

EFS captures both “cold” (e.g., processes related to the regulation of cognitive processes without an affective component, such as set-shifting and working memory) and “hot” (processes related to regulation of emotions such as emotion regulation and risk avoidance) aspects of executive functioning. This 52-item scale evaluates behavior/skill/ability over the past week with domain representation and coverage of distinct subdomains of executive functioning, including working memory and sequencing, response inhibition, set-shifting, processing speed, emotion regulation, and risk avoidance.

1. Uljarević M, Cai RY, Hardan AY and Frazier TW (2023) Development and validation of the Executive Functioning Scale. Front. Psychiatry 13:1078211. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1078211
2. Frazier, T. W., Crowley, E., Shih, A., Vasudevan, V., Karpur, A., Uljarevic, M., & Cai, R. Y. (2022). Associations between executive functioning, challenging behavior, and quality of life in children and adolescents with and without neurodevelopmental conditions. Frontiers in Psychology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1022700 

Motor Skills Scale:

MSS development was informed by (i) a systematic search of the literature on motor functioning and developmental coordination disorders, (ii) a review of existing instruments, and (iii) consultation with clinical experts, parents and families of children with ASD and other NDD and NPD. This 35-item scale evaluates current motor skill ability and has domain representation and coverage of distinct aspects of motor functioning phenotype, including basic motor skills, speed/strength/stamina and fine motor skills.

Child and Family Quality of Life-Second Edition:

This 26-item questionnaire is an optimized version of the original CFQL – revised and updated to reduce administrative burdens encountered with the original CFQL. The original CFQL was designed to measure psychosocial aspects of QoL that are particularly relevant to common problems and needed supports for children and families with ASD and related disorders. Scales were developed to provide information to clinicians that could yield practical recommendations. The revised and updated version (CFQL-2) was developed to reduce the administration time and rater burden while maintaining optimal coverage of the key aspects of psychosocial QoL. 

1. Frazier, T. W., Hyland, A. C., Markowitz, L. A., Speer, L. L., & Diekroger, E. A. (2020). Psychometric evaluation of the revised child and family quality of life questionnaire (CFQL-2). Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2019.101474
2. Frazier, T. W., Krishna, J., Klingemier, E., Beukemann, M., Nawabit, R., & Ibrahim, S. (2017). A Randomized, Crossover Trial of a Novel Sound-to-Sleep Mattress Technology in Children with Autism and Sleep Difficulties. J Clin Sleep Med, 13(1), 95-104. https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.6398